Santeria, a belief system that originated in Yoruba land, West Africa, embarked on a transformative journey from its place of origin to Cuba during the 17th century. Despite facing attempts at eradication, it not only survived but also gained popularity by drawing parallels between Catholic Saints and Yoruban Deities. To conceal its practices under a Catholic facade, it became known as Santería. Today, it is widely practiced in the Caribbean, Latin America, the United States, and even Europe. However, misconceptions and fear still surround Santeria. To dispel some of these myths, here are ten essential aspects of Santeria that everyone should know.

• Santería, like many modern religions, believes in a singular Creator known as Olodumare. While some may refer to the Orishas as Gods, they are actually aspects of Olodumare manifested in the natural world around us. Each individual is believed to be a child of an Orisha, with popular ones including Elegua, Ogun, Ochosi, Yemaya, Oshun, Obatala, Shango, and Oya, among many others.
• Ancestor worship holds significant importance in Santeria, as in many African religions. Reverence for the ancestors is integral to the religion, and before every ceremony, libations and prayers are offered to them. In addition to African practices, Santeria practitioners have adopted European practices like espiritismo and Misa Blanca. Within this context, there is no hierarchical structure, and individuals are encouraged to develop their own mediumistic abilities.
• Santeria is not a do-it-yourself religion; it is a community-based belief system with a well-defined hierarchy. Trained priests perform ceremonies, and they belong to a lineage with a rich historical background. Different roles and specializations exist within the priesthood, including singers, drummers, diviners, and experts in herbs, cooking, beading, and blacksmithing.
• Divination plays a crucial role in Santeria, and followers may find themselves seeking guidance through Ifa or the Dilogun. These are highly sophisticated forms of divination within the religion, offering insights into the past, present, and future. Divination readings provide advice on life balance, personal relationships, work, and spiritual growth. However, whether the individual follows the advice given is a matter of personal choice and free will.
• The period of initiation in Santeria lasts for one year and one week. It begins with a seven-day period of ceremonies, followed by a year of strict adherence to a code of conduct. Initiates wear white garments and sacred beads, maintain purity, and refrain from certain activities. After this initial period, priests continue to observe specific taboos and restrictions throughout their lives.
• Two fundamental concepts in Santeria are Ashe (also known as Ase, Ache, or Axe) and Iwa Pele.
  Ashe refers to the life force and generative energy that Olodumare has bestowed upon us. It empowers individuals to create and navigate life’s challenges. Iwa Pele, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of good character and living with grace. Followers strive to improve themselves and positively influence their surroundings.

Santeria should not be equated with witchcraft or the practice of harmful spells. It is not about manipulating others or seeking personal gain. Instead, it emphasizes living one’s assigned life to the fullest and using tools like spiritual baths, protective amulets, and rituals to align oneself with the positive energies of the Orishas. Santeria promotes healing, personal growth, and spiritual connection.

• Animal sacrifice is a controversial aspect of Santeria that often leads to misunderstanding. Animal sacrifice, known as “Ebo,” is performed as a sacred offering to the Orishas. It is a deeply symbolic act that represents the devotee’s willingness to make sacrifices in their own life for spiritual growth and harmony. Animals are treated with utmost respect and care, and their sacrifice is performed humanely and with gratitude.
• Music and dance are integral parts of Santeria ceremonies and rituals. Through rhythmic drumming, chanting, and dancing, participants connect with the spiritual realm and invoke the presence of the Orishas. The vibrant and energetic music, such as the rhythms of the batá drums, creates a powerful atmosphere that enhances spiritual experiences and communal bonding.
• Santeria places a strong emphasis on community and mutual support. Practitioners often come together in religious houses known as “ilés” to celebrate ceremonies, share knowledge, and provide support to one another. These ilés serve as centers of spiritual and cultural preservation, fostering a sense of belonging and unity among the followers of Santeria.

It is important to approach Santeria with an open mind and a willingness to learn. By dispelling misconceptions and understanding its core principles, one can appreciate the rich cultural and spiritual heritage that Santeria represents. Like any religious or belief system, it is best understood through respectful engagement, education, and dialogue with practitioners who can provide authentic insights into its practices and traditions.

• Santeria places great importance on the concept of “ashe” or “axé,” which represents the life force and spiritual energy present in all things. It is believed that by aligning oneself with the Orishas and living in harmony with nature, one can increase their ashe and attract positive energy into their life. This concept emphasizes personal responsibility and the power of individual choices in shaping one’s destiny.
• Divination plays a significant role in Santeria, providing guidance and insight into various aspects of life. Divination methods include the use of cowrie shells, tarot cards, oracles, and the interpretation of dreams. Through divination, practitioners seek guidance from the Orishas, allowing them to make informed decisions and navigate life’s challenges.
• Santeria ceremonies and rituals often involve the use of sacred objects and symbols. These include items such as carved figurines, beaded necklaces called “elekes,” and the use of specific colors associated with each Orisha. Each object holds symbolic meaning and serves as a focal point for connecting with the spiritual realm and invoking the presence of the Orishas.
• The practice of Santeria is not confined to specific geographic locations. It has spread beyond its Afro-Cuban roots and is now practiced in various parts of the world, including the United States, Latin America, and Europe. As it has adapted to different cultural contexts, Santeria has incorporated elements from other religious traditions, creating unique syncretic practices that reflect the diversity and adaptability of the religion.

It is important to note that Santeria, like any religious practice, is not without its complexities and variations. Different lineages and communities may have their own specific rituals, customs, and interpretations. It is always advisable to approach Santeria with respect and seek guidance from experienced practitioners or elders who can provide authentic teachings and guidance.